The
Secrets of the prophets Abraham, Jacob, Josef and Mosses in Misr (Egypt)
The ancient Egyptian history is a written and a documented history that the
ancient Egyptian considered writing and authentication is worship, they
honestly and accurately write their history
lie and cheating in the old Egyptian religion was a
big crime and the lier should be killed and after burial he will punished and
in the last day he will go to the hell
So the remains of the Egyptian monuments is considered
a treasure accurately and honestly explain the details of this civilization
The real fun in the Egyptian history is the related stories of the holy books
and prophets stories like the so well story of the prophet Josef which occurred
in Egypt and most of Koran stories have been on this country
Egyptian history is characterized as constantly developing history and every
day we detect new, therefore what was read from the books of yesterday is not
necessary fit for use today, but unfortunately still some wrong ideas from the
previous centuries are believed, but I think these will disappear With the
passage of time and after the spread of modern studies on the ancient Egyptian
history
the prophet Abraham has visited Egypt, Egypt has welcomed the prophets Jacob
and Josef who was the first who apply the globalization in the Egyptian
civilization, The prophet Mosses was born and grew up in Egypt and have
appreciated influence to keep Egypt as united country
In the holy books this sequence of events is linked to each other
So to know when the prophet Josef have been to
Egypt first we have to know when Abraham did because the events in the era of
Abraham was a prelude to the events in the era of Joseph
Note: In this article I will mention some verses from
the holy Koran but actually it is not the holy Koran and it is not the original
words of God which is in Arabic language and cannot be translated.
It is just the closest meaning which I
got from http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/Surai.htm
It was not accurate and very poor (I
don’t blame them) so I made some changing in English words to be more accurate
Any way I think Koran is better to be studied in other languages not to be
translated
The Prophet Abraham
The beginning is the visit of the prophet Abraham to Egypt we should know when
he came and which king met him
We know that the believers
of the folk of Abraham emigrated with him from Babylon to the land of
Palestine, as illustrated by the following verses from the holy Koran
In surat Al-Mumtahina what means:
4. There is for you an excellent example (to follow) in Abraham and those with him, when they said to their people:
"We are clear of you and of whatever ye
worship besides Allah (God name by Arabic). we have
rejected you, and there has arisen, between us and you, enmity and
hatred for ever,- unless ye believe in Allah and Him alone": But not when
Abraham said to his father: "I will pray for forgiveness for thee, though
I have no power (to get) aught on thy behalf from Allah." (They prayed):
"Our Lord! in Thee do we trust, and to Thee do we turn in repentance: to
Thee is (our) Final Goal
And In surat Al-Anbiya
what means:
69. We said, "O Fire! be thou cool, and (a
means of) safety for Abraham!"
70. Then they sought a stratagem against him:
but We made them the ones that lost most!
71. But We delivered
him and (his nephew) Lut (and directed them) to the land which We have blessed
for the nations
The expression of (the land which We have blessed)
in the Holy Koran refers to the land of Palestine (Jerusalem and what around),
These two paragraphs from the holy Koran means that
Abraham and (those with him) cleared of and disown their folk and then
emigrated to the land of Palestine
And in compare with the Egyptian history, we find that these Hebrew migrations
(launched by the ancient Egyptians expression apiru) to the land of Palestine
was in the era of the King Amenemhat I the founder of the Twelfth Dynasty
Amenemhat I look at these
large migrations near the border of Egypt, causing him to build strong
fortifications on the border of Egypt and Palestine called “the wall of the
ruler” To prevent the infiltration of Bedouin to the land of Egypt, that the
ancient Egyptians up to this time generally hated the foreigners and did not
allow them to come inside Egypt
This fortifications is mentioned in the holy Koran
in surat yousef in the era of the prophet Jacob the grand son of the prophet
Abraham when the prophet Jacob told his sons not to enter Egypt from one gate
but from sporadic gates
In surat Yousef what means:
67. Further he said (Jacob said): "O my sons! Enter
(Egypt) not all by one gate: enter ye by different gates. Not that I can
profit you aught against Allah (with my advice): None can command except Allah.
On Him do I put my trust: and let all that trust put their trust on Him."
The second event that the prophet Abraham came to Egypt in the era of Amenemhat
I
That we know that the king, who met the prophet
Abraham had gave him Mrs. Hager the princess who he had captured after a civil
wars in Egypt
That the historian al-Tabari said about the Coptic
and what they told the Arabian ruler Amr Bin Al-Aas when he came to Egypt
"Amr Bin Al-Aas when he opened Egypt he told them about the will of the
Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) to the Moslems to take care about the
Egyptians when they open Egypt because they are related with him (because of
his old grandmother Mrs. Hager the wife of the prophet Abraham), Amr Bin Al-Aas
told them that the right of this highly old relationship are only preserved by
a prophet. They told that Mrs. Hager was a wife of a King of our old local
kings and a war between us and the people of Ain Shams (Egyptian state) started
they killed the king and captured his wife the princess Hager. It is how she
moved to your father Abraham"
And in compare with Amenemhat I era, we find that the King Amenemhat I took
over power after the death of the King Mentouhtb IV, the king of Egypt without
Heir and he fought with the competing local kings and defeated them then
founded the Twelfth Dynasty
So we can find that this civil war is similar to
the story of capturing the Egyptian princess Hager the wife of the prophet
Abraham
The third event is what the history told that the
King Amenemhat I is the first who nationalized the land of the nobles
Egypt before the era of Amenemhat I is
characterized by the proliferation of nobles and feudal system
Then after nationalization in the Twelfth Dynasty the government became
the owner of most agricultural land and responsible for the growth of economy
And this is similar to the story of Joseph in Egypt, (which occurred after the
story of a the prophet Abraham by little time) when the government carried on
the responsibility of economic planning
In surat yousef what means:
47. (Joseph) said: "For seven years shall ye diligently sow as is your
wont: and the harvests that ye reap, ye shall leave them in the ear,- except a
little, of which ye shall eat.
48. "Then will come after that (period)
seven dreadful (years), which will devour what ye shall have laid by in advance
for them,- (all) except a little which ye shall have (specially) guarded.
49. "Then will come after that (period) a
year in which the people will have abundant water, and in which they will press
(wine and oil)."
Then Joseph took the position of (Aziz or the exalted) this is mentioned in the
holy Koran when the king of Egypt take Josef out from the prison and free him
(he was up to this time a slave to an Egyptian woman who sent him to the
prison)
In surat yousef what means:
54. So the king said: "Bring him unto me to (do every thing to) free him
specially for me. Therefore when he had spoken to him, he said (the king to
Josef): " this day, you are with me have the power (the ability) and safe“
55. (Joseph) said: "Set me over the store-houses of the land: I can guard them, as
one that knows (their importance)."
56. Thus did We (god saying) give established
power (ability) to Joseph in the land, to take possession therein as, when, or
where he pleased. We bestow of our Mercy on whom We want, and we don’t lose the
reward of those who do good.
The position of (Aziz or the exalted) refer to the keeper of store-houses of
the land and is responsible for the crops distribution to the general public
And this position requires the ability to maintain the crops and distributive
justice,
There is a inscription return to the era of the King Senusret I, the son
and successor of Amenemhat I for person named Amini who was in the same
position he was proud of his wisdom in preserving the harvest and his fairness
in the distribution, he said:
No one was unhappy in my days, not even in the years of famine, for I had
tilled all the fields in the nome of Mah, up to its southern and northern
frontiers. Thus I prolonged the life of its inhabitants and preserved the food
which it produces. No hungry man was in it. I distributed equally to the widow
as to the married woman. I did not prefer the great to the humble in all that I
gave away
Egypt under the Pharaohs, by Brugsch, page 158.
So the economic system in Egypt in the era of Josef the fourth grand son
of the prophet Abraham is similar to the economic system of the Twelfth Dynasty
which founded by Amenemhat I
Similar events took place in the era of Abraham and
the era of Amenemhat I
But I think more likely that his son and successor
Senusret I who met the prophet Abraham in Egypt
The King Senusret I rule at the end of the era of
his father who was sick
Then the ruler (King) of the Hebrews had visited
Egypt in the era of The King Senusret I, Then we can notice a better
relationship started between Egypt and the Bedouin in Asia who was allowed to
come inside Egypt for the first time in the history for trade
It is recorded in one of the noble’s cemetery in
Bani Hassan 240 km south of Cairo, some Asians visits to Egypt in the era of
Twelfth Dynasty carrying their goods from Cattle and hides for sale in Egypt.
These visits remind us with what mentioned in the
holy Koran about the people who took Josef and sold him in Egypt (after the
crime of the none maternal brothers of Josef who felt jealous from him and
throw him into a well)
In surat Yousef what means:
19. Then there came a caravan of travellers: they sent their water-carrier (for
water), and he let down his bucket (into the well)...He said: "Ah there!
Good news! Here is a (fine) young man!" So they
concealed him as a goods! But Allah knoweth well all that they do!
20. The (Brethren)
sold him for a miserable price, for a few dirhams counted out: in such low
estimation did they hold him!
21. The man in Egypt
who bought him, said to his wife: "Make his stay (among us)
honourable: may be he will bring us much good, or we shall adopt him as a
son." Thus did We establish Joseph in the land, that We might teach him
the interpretation of stories (and events). And Allah hath full power and
control over His affairs; but most among mankind know it not.
And also reminds us with the visit of Joseph’s
brothers (from Palestine) to trade in Egypt (they met Josef and thought he is
an Egyptian man)
In surat Yousef what
means:
88. Then, when they(Joseph’s brothers) came (back) into (Joseph's) presence
they said: "O exalted one! distress has seized us and our family: we have (now) brought but scanty goods: so pay us
full measure, (we pray thee), and treat it as charity to us: for Allah doth
reward the charitable."
The prophets Joseph and Jacob
In the previous article I mentioned that The prophet Abraham came to Egypt in
the era of Senusret I the second kings the Twelfth Dynasty and then married the princess
Hager
Then he gave birth to the prophet Ishmael from Mrs.
Hager who carried her baby and migrate to the holy land in Mecca to be
historically this great lady the first person who re-establish new life and the
first princess rulled Mecca.
Then her son the prophet Ishmael and the prophet
Abraham re-built the holy Kaaba which is originally built by our father Adam
Then the prophet Abraham gave birth to the prophet
Isaac from Mrs. Sarah when she was very old woman and the prophet Abraham was
very old man too
Then Isaac gave birth to the prophet Jacob who gave
birth to Josef and his brothers
Therefore Joseph has been to Egypt at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty or at the
beginning of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth dynasties who shared governance of
the country at this stage, which witnessed the division and chaos before the
Hyksos seizing the throne of northern Egypt
In one theory Hyksos did not enter Egypt by
invasion, but they infiltrate and lived in the land of Egypt before seizing the
throne of northern Egypt
On the other hand Josephus, quoting from the work
of the historian Manetho that it was some type of invasion:
”By main force they easily seized it without
striking a blow; and having overpowered the rulers of the land, they then
burned our cities ruthlessly, razed to the ground the temples of gods… Finally,
they appointed as king one of their number whose name was Salitis”
Any way there no match difference between the two
theories because the country before Hyksos was in chaos and uncontrolled and it
must be some violence or civil wars to control and seize the throne
But In the Holy Koran in Surat yousef said what means
93. "Go with this my shirt, and cast it over the face of my father:
he will come to see (clearly). Then come ye (here)
to me together with all your family."
And
99. Then when they entered the presence of Joseph, he provided a home for
his parents with himself, and said: "Enter ye
Egypt (all) in safety if it please Allah."
We understand from these
verses that Josef asked his brothers to bring his parents and all there
families and waited for them at the border of Egypt and entered them safely
The entry of Jacob and his group and crossing the
fortifications of Egypt is similar to the first theory of infiltration of
Hyksos to the land of Egypt
And the Holy Koran told us that after Jacob and his group entered Egypt,
his son Josef raised him to the throne of Egypt
In surat Yousef what means:
100. And he
raised his parents high on the throne , and they fell down in
prostration, (all) before him. He said: "O my father! this is the
fulfilment of my vision of old! Allah hath made it come true! He was indeed
good to me when He took me out of prison and brought you (all here) out of the
Bedouin, (even) after Satan had sown enmity between me and my brothers. Verily
my Lord understandeth best the mysteries of all that He planneth to do, for
verily He is full of knowledge and wisdom.
in reviewing the history of Egypt we did not find any foreigner king raised on
the throne of Egypt but the kings of Hyksos because the Egyptians where very
careful to the purity of royal blood.
This indicates that Jacob and his group are
themselves the Hyksos who will do after that lot of evils in the land of Egypt
Even the name for the prophet Jacob is Israel and
it seem to be Egyptian prenomen Name that the kings in the old Egypt used to
use a different name but their actual name and for name Israel we can divide it
into three section(isr) (ra) (el) the first two section is clear Egyptian
symbols but (el) this which can not find
Especially
it found on one scarab a Hyksos king named Yaqub-Har (Yaqub is the actual name
for the prophet Jacob in Arabic language) and his prenomen name is (Mer) (oser)
(ra) but his era is unknown
And the
Hyksos historically known as the “shepherd kings” it may driven from the
ancient Egyptian word “heqa shaso” which means “shepherd kings” or from the the ancient Egyptian word “heqa
khasewet” witch means "foreign kings", any way the symbol “heqa” mean
king
in the holy Koran there is evidence that Israelites
had built infamous title of “the kings”, where the Queen of Sheba Balqees
titled the people of Solomon (the Israelites) as “the kings”
In surat Al-Naml what means:
29. (The queen) said: "Ye chiefs! here is delivered to me - a letter
worthy of respect.
30. "It is from Solomon, and is (as
follows): 'In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful:
31. "'Be ye not arrogant against me, but
come to me in submission (to the true Religion).'"
32. She said: "Ye chiefs! advise me
in (this) my affair: no affair have I decided except in your presence."
33. They said: "We are endued with
strength, and given to vehement war: but the command is with thee; so consider
what thou wilt command."
34. She said: "The Kings, when they enter a country, despoil it,
and make the noblest of its people its meanest thus do they behave.
35. "But I am going to send them a
present, and (wait) to see with what (answer) return (my) ambassadors."
Also, mosses remind his people that God made them
kings
In surat Al-Maeda what means:
20. Remember Moses said to
his people: "O my people! Call in remembrance the favour of Allah unto
you, when He produced prophets among you, made you
kings, and gave you what He had not given to any other among the
peoples.
of course (made you kings)
mean that they got the title of kings not means that all of them were actual
kings which is not logical
And perhaps the Israelites found support from some
Asians who profusely came into Egypt in the era of Hyksos
The Prophet Mosses
To clarify when the prophet mosses left with Israelites from Egypt
we have to know the connection between the history
of Palestine and the history of Egypt this will clarify when can the prophets
David and Solomon rule Palestine?
In the holy Koran In surat Al-A'raf said about
pharaoh and his people what means:
136. So We exacted retribution from them: We drowned them
in the sea, because they rejected Our Signs and failed to take warning from
them.
137. And We made a people, considered weak (and of no account), inheritors
of lands in both east and west, - lands whereon We
sent down Our blessings. The fair promise of thy Lord was fulfilled for
the Children of Israel, because they had patience and constancy, and We
destroyed what was Pharoah and his people doing and what they have erected.
So after Pharaoh and his people drowned God
inherited the Israelites the land which he blessed from Pharaoh and his people
The land which God blessed refers to the land of
Palestine
That’s mean that this land
was part of the Egyptian empire at that time when Pharaoh drowned
And in other verses god cleared to us that the inheritance
was not direct but there is a gap between when Egypt left Palestine and when
the Israelites ruled it
In surat Al-so’ara what means:
53.
Then Pharaoh sent heralds to (all) the Cities,
54.
(Saying): "These (Israelites) are but a small band,
55.
"And they are raging furiously against us;
56.
"But we are a multitude amply fore-warned."
57.
So (God saying about Pharaoh) We expelled them from
gardens, springs (Palestine is characterized by springs),
58.
Treasures, and every kind of honourable position;
59.
Thus it was, but We made the Children of
Israel inheritors of such things.
Especially in the Arabic text we can understand
that just after Pharaoh’s death Egypt left Palestine and after some times the
Israelites inherit it
That’s mean that the Israelites did not fight with
the Egyptian to invade Palestine but with different people who took over the
power in Palestine after the death of Pharaoh
But we have to know that the inheritance of the
rule of Palestine here of course was temporary not forever and it will
delivered to others as god told his prophet David in the Psalms
In surat Al-Anbiya what means:
105. Before this We wrote in the Psalms, after the Message
(given to Moses): My slaves (worshipers) the
righteous, shall inherit the land."
106. Verily in this is a Message for people who would (truly) worship
Allah.
Any way God told us in surat Al-Esraa that he will
bring the Israelites to Palestine once again as a group from different nations
but their end in Palestine will be miserable and I think this verses applied
with the recent Israel
So we have to back to the history and he will clear
when the Israelites could inherit the land of Palestine from pharaoh
We have to start from The beginning of the
eighteenth dynasty after the war between the Egyptian kings of the seventeen
dynasty in south Egypt and the Hyksos the King Ahmose I conquered Avaris there
capital in the north of Egypt and after the siege of there castle at Sharuhen
in Gaza in Palestine he conquered it and capture the Hyksos and distribute them
as slaves to the Egyptian soldiers
Then he began campaigns in Syria and Nubia (now The
Sudan and south Egypt) then the eighteenth dynasty kings continued the
campaigning in levant (now Syria and Lebanon) until the great King Thutmose III
enlarged the empire from Nubia to Euphrates including Syria and Palestine
(Canaan)
Then he took the children of princes of the
conquered countries to his palace in Egypt with his own children so after they
grow up and become the legitimate rulers of there countries they show great
loyalty to Egypt
And become all the legitimate rulers of the
Egyptian empire as brothers in a strongly unified empire under the leadership
of Egypt
Then In the era of Akhenaten the ninth king of the
Eighteenth Dynasty (or the tenth if we count Hatshepsut) he was a very tough
and ugly man the Egyptian dislike him and a revolution started in Palestine and
the local rulers of Egypt loyalists asked Akhenaten to send Egyptian troops to
quell the revolution, but Akhenaten ignored their requests as it is clear from
this message from Abdi-Heba to Akhenaten
Amarna letters (EA 286)
To the king, my lord, say:
Message of Abdi-Heba, your servant:
At the feet of my lord, the king
seven times and seven times I fall down.
What have I done to the king, my
lord?
They slander me before the king,
my lord: "Abdi-Heba
has rebelled against the king, his lord."
Behold, neither my father
nor my mother has put me in this position.
The powerful arm of the
king brought me into my father's house.
Why should I commit
an offense against the king,
the lord?
As the king, my lord, lives,
I say to the representative of the
king, my lord,
"Why do you love the 'Apiru, but the local rulers you hate?" Consequently,
I am slandered before the king,
my lord.
Because I say: "Lost are the lands of the king, my lord," consequently
I am slandered before the king, my lord.
May the king, my lord,
know that
though the king, my lord, stationed a garrison, Enhamu has taken it all.
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . Egypt
. . . the king,
my lord,
there is no garrison here
so may the king provide for his land.
May the king provide for his land. The lands of
the king, my lord, have
all deserted. Ili-Milku has brought about the loss of the king's land,
so may the king provide for his land.
I say, I will enter into the
presence of the king, my lord, and I will see
the two eyes of the king, my
lord. But the war against me is great, so I cannot come before the king, my lord.
So may it seem good before the king,
may he send a garrison
and I will enter and see the two eyes
of the king, my lord. As the
king, my lord,
lives , whenever the royal officials have come out,
I have said: "The
king's lands are lost."
But they have not listened to me.
All the local rulers are lost.
Not a single ruler remains to the king, the
lord.
Let the king turn his attention to the archers
so that archery troops
of the king, my lord, go forth. None of the king's lands remain.
The 'Apiru have plundered all the king's lands. If the
archery troops arrive this year, then the lands of the king, my lord, will survive. But
if the archery troops do not arrive,then the lands of the king, my lord, are
lost.
To the scribe of the king, my lord: The message of Abdi-Heba,
your servant: Present eloquent words before the king, my lord. Lost
are all the lands of the king, my lord.
So after the death of akhenaten the Hebrews manage
to take over the power in Palestine
Then the king Seti I the second king of the
Nineteenth Dynasty started campaigns to return previously lost territories in
Canaan (Palatine) and levant
These campaigns gone further in the era of his son
Ramsses II who continued the successful campaigns in Canaan and levant to
return it completely back to Egypt
Then Rmasses II took a small army and directed to expel the
Hittites from some areas they occupied in northern Syria
He
expelled them from Amurru and Dapur then The Hittites followed the policy of
attack And run with the Egyptian army but after some rounds he manage to
completely break their forces, even he claimed to have fought the last battle
without even bothering and he took his young children who still wearing their
side locks (as the old Egyptian children used to) as he is going to a picnic
Then
he hold a Peace treaty with the Hittites who after this wars with Egypt
disappeared from the history after they have attacked with union of folks known
as “the sea people”
So
Ramsses II managed to restore the Egyptian empire as it was in the era of
akhenaten
And
he tried to back the confidence to the Egyptians by imaging the Egyptian Gods
sitting beside him on the throne of Egypt
And
started hard work in building construction and he managed to show himself
competently as the greatest king in history
but
it was not the end
Construction
work was continuing in Egypt and demolition works and The pursuits of the
remnants of the enemy in the plains and mountains continued in the
land of Canaan by his son amun-her-khepeshef and finished on the hand of his
son Merneptah
Then the
Egyptian empire stayed stable up to the era of the King Ramsses III the second
kings of the twenty dynasty who stated in Harris Papyrus that he has built
temple of the God Amun in Canaan in a land called Zahi:
219. I built for thee a mysterious house in the land of Zahi (D'-h), like the
horizon of heaven which is in the sky, (named):
"The-House-of-Ramses-Ruler-of-Heliopolis, -- L.-P.-H.,-in-Pekanan ", as the property of thy name. I
fashioned thy great statue resting in the midst of it (named):
"Amon-of-Ramses-Ruler-of-Heliopolis, -L.-P.-H." The Asiatics of
Retenu (Rtnw) came to it, bearing their tribute before it, for it was divine.
[Sec. 184-219-246]
James H. Breasted
Records of Egypt, Vol. IV, pages 87-206
Then the sea people attacked Egypt in Ramsses III era
who beat them and this people disappeared from the history after their war
against Egypt
But Ramsses III made some thing wrong to finish
this people
He divided the union of the “sea people” into small
folks and distribute them in different lands and this people actually could not
be loyal to Egypt
And the second wrong of Ramsses III that he allowed
to the peaceful migrants to stay in Egypt who profusely came into Egypt with
their customs and religions, the expression of foreigners is widely used in
Egypt after that era so Egypt missed it’s previous harmony and union and the
successors of Ramsses III found great difficulty to control Egypt and missed their
respect inside and outside Egypt
This can be cleared from the papyrus of wenamun in
Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow, wich happened probably in the era of
Ramesses XI the tenth king of the Twentieth Dynasty and told that the priest of
Amun at Karnak Wenamun, is sent by the High Priest of Amun Herihor (the strong
man in south Egypt) to the Phoenician city of Byblos (now in Lebanon) to
acquire lumber (probably cedar wood) to build a new ship to transport the cult
image of Amun. After visiting Smendes (the strong man in north Egypt) at Tanis,
Wenamun stopped at the port of Dor (now in Palestine) ruled by the Tjeker
prince Beder, where he was robbed. Upon reaching Byblos, he was shocked by the
hostile reception he received there. When he finally gained an audience with
Zakar-Baal, the local king, the latter refused to give the requested goods for
free, as had been the traditional custom, instead demanding payment. Wenamun
had to send to Smendes for payment, (a humiliating move which demonstrates the
waning of Egyptian power over the Eastern Mediterranean). After a wait of
almost a year at Byblos, Wenamun attempted to leave for Egypt, only to be blown
off course to Alashiya (Cyprus), where he was almost killed by an angry mob
before placing himself under the protection of the local queen, whom he called
Hatbi.
Then came Shoshenq I the founder of the Twenty-second
Dynasty his origin backs to the Libyan folk Meshwesh which was allowd to migrate
to Egypt in the era of Ramsses III
And he was the father-in-law of Maatkare the daughter
of the last king of the Twenty-first Dynasty Psusennes II
Shoshenq I followed an aggressive policy to re-back
the respect of the Egyptian king.
Shoshenq I left monuments that approve the Egyptian
authority in Palestine and Levant as a statue base bearing his name from the
Lebanese city of Byblos and part of a monumental stela from Megiddo bearing his
name.
And a list inscribed on the walls of temples of
Amun at al-Hibah and Karnak about campaigns and tributes from the cities in Palestine
and Levant but he did not mentioned any kingdom of Israel or Jerusalem
which has led some to suggest that Shoshenq I was not the Biblical Shishak
To be continued..
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